Danakil Depression travel guide: Ethiopia’s otherworldly adventure

The Danakil Depression, in Ethiopia’s Afar region near the borders of Eritrea and Djibouti, is one of the most extreme and fascinating places on earth. Lying more than 100 metres below sea level at the junction of three tectonic plates, it is famous for hydrothermal fields, active volcanoes, vast salt flats and some of the highest temperatures ever recorded.

Its best-known sight is Erta Ale, the “Smoking Mountain”, one of the few volcanoes in the world with a persistent lava lake. Travellers hike up in the evening and spend the night near the crater to watch the glow of molten lava after dark, an experience few ever forget.

Dallol is arguably the most visually stunning place in the depression, with bright yellow sulphur deposits, green acid pools and orange mineral formations created by geothermal activity. Nearby, Lake Assale (Karum) is a vast salt lake where Afar miners still cut salt by hand and load it onto camel caravans, a tradition that has continued for centuries.

The Afar people have adapted to this harsh environment through generations of knowledge, and respectful encounters with them, learning about their nomadic way of life and salt trade, add great depth to a visit.

Timing is essential. Travel between November and February, when temperatures are relatively cooler and exploration safer. From March to September temperatures often exceed 45 °C and travel is generally not recommended. Most tours last three days, covering Erta Ale, Dallol and the salt flats; four or five days allow more relaxed travel and time for photography.

Pack lightweight clothing, a sun hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, comfortable hiking shoes, a reusable water bottle, a headlamp, camera equipment and personal medications. Hydration is vital throughout.

The Danakil is visited as part of organised tours with licensed operators, local Afar guides and police escorts. Follow your guide’s instructions at all times, stay on designated routes and be prepared for basic camping. In return you will witness geological processes that are still shaping our planet, in one of Africa’s most unforgettable landscapes.